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King Sam Fang Kaen (r. 1401-1441) repelled Yunnanese armies and consolidated the Kingdom of Lanna.
King Tilokarat (r.1441-1487) captured Nan, bringing Lanna to the height of its power. Considered the greatest of the Lanna kings after Mangrai, he brought Lanna to a "golden age", supporting Buddhist works and construction.
The Eighth World Buddhist Council met at Wat Jet Yod to revise the Buddhist canon, bringing Lanna culture to its zenith.
King Muang Kaew (r.1495-1526) patronized the arts as the last of the great kings of Lanna. His successor, King Chettarat (r.1526-38 & 1543-45), was deposed in favor of his son, was enthroned again and then was assassinated.
An earthquake damaged the Phra Chedi Luang in a year that saw unsuccessful attacks on Chiang Mai by both a Shan prince and Ayutthaya.
King Setthathirat of Luang Phrabang, the capital of the Kingdom of Lan Xang, ascended to the throne of Lanna (by invitation) only to return to his Lao capital upon the death of his father in 1547. Lanna collapsed into civil war between the chiefs of the principalities.
Invited by local chiefs to rule, Phra Mekuti (r.1551- 1564) began an oppressive and unpopular rule. He forbade worship of the city pillar, an act which is thought to have brought misfortune to Chiang Mai.
Chiang Mai fell without struggle to the Burmese. Prince Mekuti, the last of Mangrai's descendants, remained in power as a vassal.
Mekuti unsuccessfully tried to shake off Burmese rule and was deposed. Chiang Mai became a base for attacks on Ayutthaya, which fell to King Bayinnaung in 1569.
King Naresuan (r.1590-1605) of Ayutthaya captured Chiang Mai. The city fell to the Burmese in 1614.
King Narai (r.1656-1688) of Ayutthaya captured and briefly held Chiang Mai.
The Burmese destroyed Ayutthaya. King Taksin regrouped at Thon Buri, building up Siamese strength.
Phraya Chaban of Chiang Mai and Chao Kawilaof Lampang sided with the Siamese against the Burmese, defeating them.
Chiang Mai was abandoned.
Chao Kawila (r.1781-1815) re-established Chiang Mai.
King Chulalongkorn - Rama V (r.1868-1910) began reforms that set the foundation for the modern state.
Chao Inthawichayanon (r.1871-1897) became the last semi-independent ruler of Chiang Mai.
A Siamese high-commissioner began to take over the administration of Lanna.
The telegraph reached Chiang Mai
Siam incorporated Lanna into the administrative unit of "Monthon Phayap".
France forced Siam to cede Laos, which included territory within the traditional domain of Lanna.
The Shan rebellion was the last stirring of northern independence.
The railway reached Chiang Mai. Education was made compulsory.
Chiang Mai became a province of Siam.
King Bhumiphol Adulyadej became King Rama IX of Siam (the name of Thailand being officially recognized in 1949).